Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of science and technology and modern industry, new materials of various functions have emerged to meet the development needs of various industries. At the same time, this has also led to the development and advancement of various surface modification technologies. Plasma surface modification refers to the activation modification by exposing the material to a non-polymerized gas plasma and bombarding the material surface with plasma to cause changes in the material surface structure. Generally, the surface modification of the functional layer is very thin (a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers) and does not affect the overall performance of the material; after modification, the material surface can be hydrophilic, anti-abrasive, decorative, coloring, printing, adhesive, antistatic, etc.        Now plasma technology for fiber surface modification is also widely noted. Plasma treatment of carbon fiber surface can improve the adhesion and ensure that the fiber tensile strength does not decrease. In addition, plasma treatment can also eliminate surface micro-cracks of carbon fibers, reduce stress concentration and improve the tensile strength of the fibers themselves. Plasma treatment of Kevlar fiber, aramid fiber is also effective. PET fiber is widely used, but the dyeing, moisture absorption, anti-fouling properties are poor, after plasma treatment, the introduction of polar groups on the surface, the generation of free radicals, cross-linking layer, effectively improve a variety of properties.        Electronic components, automotive parts and other industrial components in the production process due to cross contamination, natural oxidation, solder, etc., the surface will form a variety of dirt, these pollutants will affect the quality of the components in the subsequent production of welding, bonding and other related processes, reducing the reliability of the finished product and pass rate. Plasma treatment treats the surface of the workpiece by chemical or physical action, and the reaction gas ionizes to produce highly reactive reaction ions that react chemically with the surface contaminants for cleaning. The choice of reaction gas needs to be based on the chemical composition of the contaminant. Chemical reaction-based plasma cleaning speed, good selectivity, better cleaning effect on organic pollutants. Surface reaction to the physical role of the main plasma cleaning is very commonly used is the use of argon, will not produce oxidation by-products, etching effect isotropic. In general the plasma surface modification process, the chemical reaction and physical action is co-existing, resulting in a better selectivity, uniformity and directionality.        Due to the development direction of precision and miniaturization in the industrial field, plasma surface modification technology with its fine and clean, non-destructive modification advantages in the semiconductor industry, chip industry, aerospace and other high-tech industries will also have increasingly important application value.

How plasma etching of LDPE films is described today Plasma modification has the following main advantages. ① It is a dry process, which meets the current demand for energy saving and environmental protection. ②No special requirements for the material to be treated, which has universal applicability. ③ Short processing time, only a few seconds to a few minutes. ④Only the surface layer of the material is modified, and no damage is caused to the substrate itself. Therefore, plasma technology has a better application effect compared with traditional modification technology. Plasma is a non-condensed system produced by complete or partial ionization of the gaseous state, the so-called "ionization" means that at least one electron is separated from the atom or molecule, so that the atom or molecule is converted into a positively charged ion. This system includes atoms, molecules, ions in excited and sub-stable states, etc. The system has an equal number of positive and negative charges inside and is electrically neutral on a macroscopic scale. The application of plasma technology is particularly significant in materials science, where new materials are developed by modifying their surfaces through plasma technology in order to achieve higher performance, which is an important tool in the current development of new materials. Plasma modifies the surface of a material, usually by impacting the surface of the material and breaking the original chemical bonds to form new ones. Most of the ion energies in plasma, except ions, are higher than the bonding energy of chemical bonds. This indicates that plasma can break the chemical bonds on the material surface and form new bonds. Plasma treatment for surface modification is to expose the material to the plasma of non-polymeric gas and bombard the surface of the material by the plasma to cause changes in the polymer structure, thus achieving the purpose of surface modification of polymer materials. Plasma treatment is mainly for inert gases. Organic polymer materials are treated with oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon and other non-polymeric inorganic gases in contact with air, which introduce functional groups on the surface and form cross-linked structural layers or generate free radicals. In general, the surface hydrophilicity is substantially increased after plasma treatment of the surface. The crystallinity and timeliness of PET films after surface modification were investigated. The water contact angle of the films decreases with increasing energy density after treatment under dielectric blocking discharge conditions, and the highest crystallinity is biaxially stretched with the smallest contact angle of PET films. The air plasma had the most significant etching effect on the LDPE films and therefore the most prominent change in surface morphology, and the peel strength after bonding was significantly higher compared to that before treatment under optimal conditions. This is due to the interaction of the reactive groups generated by the air plasma with the LDPE surface phase thus increasing the reactive particles and attracting oxygen-containing groups. In addition, due to the time-sensitive nature of plasma treatment, the treatment should be immediately followed by the next process. After the plasma jet treatment of PTFE, the hydrophilic properties of the material surface are enhanced. From SEM pictures, it was found that the treated PTFE surface produced dense micron-sized particles, which led to an increase in surface roughness, and these particles increased in density as well as roughness with increasing treatment time. This is due to the breakage of the C-F bond on the PTFE surface to introduce oxygen-containing groups.     After plasma modification treatment, the hydrophilicity and surface roughness of the material surface were greatly increased and showed a linear increase with the working pressure. The increased nitrogen content after plasma treatment improves the biocompatibility of the polycarbonate. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

As a new method for surface modification of materials, plasma scrubbers have attracted much attention due to their advantages of low energy consumption, low pollution, short treatment time, and remarkable effects. Among many modification methods, low temperature plasma cleaning is a method that has developed rapidly in recent years. Compared with other methods, plasma cleaning has many advantages: First, plasma cleaning is a drying process, which is different from the elimination of wet chemical treatment, wastewater treatment, etc. Compared with other drying processes such as radiation, electron beam, corona, etc., which are indispensable drying processes, the uniqueness of plasma cleaning machines is that the effect on the material only occurs in the range of tens of thousands of angstroms on its surface, and at the same time The surface properties of a material can be changed without changing its bulk properties. Ultra-low temperature plasma scrubbers are widely used in mobile phones, automobiles, electronic circuit boards and other production fields. Due to the ionization, recombination, excitation and migration of atoms in the plasma, ultraviolet rays are generated, and the photon energy is also in the range of 2~4eV. Obviously, in plasma, the energy provided by particles and photons is very high. In fact, the main function of the plasma scrubber is not to clean, but to modify the surface of the material. By treating the surface of the material, the bonding ability of the material can be improved, and the problems of bonding, painting, printing and dyeing can be solved. The actual cleaning is to use ultrasonic washing and drying. The plasmaization process is usually followed by ultrasonic cleaning, where the surface of the material is ultrasonically cleaned, then modified by plasma surface treatment, and then bonded or coated. There are many industries in which plasma cleaning machines are used, and customers often take all kinds of wonderful samples to deal with, such as various small toy accessories, cloth

The principle of using the major functional characteristics of plasma in different industries Low-temperature plasma + photocatalysis technology refers to filling the plasma reactor with TiO2 catalyst. When the high-energy particles generated by the reactor decompose organic pollutants into small molecules, these substances are further oxidized and decomposed into inorganic molecules under the action of the catalyst. Small molecules to achieve the purpose of purifying and separating waste gas. The photocatalyst and the plasma discharge are interrelated. The catalyst can change the properties of the plasma discharge, so that the discharge can produce new active substances with stronger oxidizing power; while the plasma discharge will affect the chemical composition, specific surface area and catalytic performance of the catalyst. structure, improve its catalytic activity, and greatly improve the efficiency of low-temperature plasma + photocatalytic technology to purify VOCs. The combined technology is more suitable for treating organic waste gas with large air volume and low concentration, and has the advantages of low operating cost, fast reaction rate, and no secondary pollution. Plasma surface modification uses the high-energy active particles in the plasma to bombard the surface of the material, giving the surface new properties. Since it only acts on the surface, the original bulk properties of the material remain unchanged. It should be pointed out that plasma has no requirements on the base material, and can be used for surface modification of metal materials as well as insulating materials. Plasma cleaning is the process of cleaning a product to improve its ability to print or bond. The purpose of plasma cleaning is to remove organic surface contaminants. Plasma treats the surface of your product to accept printed adhesives or inks. Usually on Teflon or plastic, plasma surface modification actually changes the surface of the material, leaving free radicals and making it stick to the glue or ink When the plasma interacts with the surface of the object to be cleaned, on the one hand, the plasma or plasma-activated chemically active substances are used to chemically react with the contaminants on the surface of the material, such as the oxidation reaction between the active oxygen in the plasma and the organic matter on the surface of the material. . The plasma interacts with the organic dirt on the surface of the material, and decomposes the organic dirt into carbon dioxide, water, etc. for discharge. When using plasma to modify or clean materials, low-temperature plasma is usually used, and the gas temperature does not exceed 100°, which is macroscopically speaking; but microscopically speaking, when the plasma and the material surface occur, During chemical or physical reactions, if the energy is concentrated in a local area, once the material is processed for too long, it may cause damage to the surface of some materials. Plasma etching technology for fiber structure analysis is the earliest application of plasma treatment in the textile industry and has become a mature technology. Another application is the modification of textile materials, using plasma to modify the surface of textile materials. , graft polymerization and plasma polymerization deposition, etc., to change the surface hydrophilic (hydrophobic) of textile materials, increase adhesion, and improve printing and dyeing properties.

What aspects can be improved by using the functional characteristics of the plasma plasma cleaner? Plasma plasma cleaning machine uses high-energy particles and active particles in the plasma to achieve the purpose of removing dirt on metal surfaces through bombardment or activation reaction. No chemical reagents are used in the plasma cleaning process, so it will not cause secondary pollution. The cleaning equipment is highly repeatable, so the operating cost of the equipment is relatively low, and the operation is flexible and simple, which can realize the whole or some parts of the metal surface. And the cleaning of complex structures; some surface properties can be improved after plasma cleaning, which is helpful for subsequent processing applications of metals. Plasma plasma cleaners are widely used in cleaning, etching, modification, coating and activation. Plasma surface treatment. Through surface treatment, the wettability of the surface of the material can be improved, thereby improving the properties of the material such as coating, enhancing the adhesion and cohesion of the material and removing organic pollutants. The ultrasonic cleaners that appear on the market now cannot achieve the effect of modification. They can only clean some visible objects on the surface. Due to various defects in the process, high-tech products such as plasma cleaners have been derived. More and more industries are using plasma cleaning machines. Through plasma cleaning machines, surface modification, cleaning, and product performance improvement can be achieved, which greatly reduces the defect rate caused by the product in the process, thereby improving product quality and reducing production costs, etc. In the process of metal surface cleaning, the collision between electrons and atoms or molecules can generate excited neutral atoms or radicals (also known as free radicals), which are activated with pollutant molecules. Reacts to remove contaminants from the metal surface. When the electrons are transported to the surface cleaning area, they collide with the pollutant molecules adsorbed on the cleaning surface, which will cause the pollutant molecules to decompose and generate active free radicals, which will help to trigger further activation reactions of the pollutant molecules; moreover, the mass Very small electrons move much faster than ions, so the electrons reach the surface earlier than the ions and give the surface a negative charge, helping to initiate further activation reactions. In general, the number of free radicals in the plasma is more than that of ions, which is electrically neutral, has a relatively long life, and has a relatively high energy. During the cleaning process, the pollutant molecules on the surface are easily combined with high-energy free radicals to generate new free radicals. These new free radicals also live in a high-energy state, which is extremely unstable and easily decomposes itself and transforms into smaller free radicals. At the same time, new free radicals are generated. This process will continue until it is decomposed into stable and volatile simple small molecules, and finally the pollutants are released from the metal surface. In this process, the main role of free radicals It is manifested in the energy transfer during the activation process. In the process of combining free radicals with surface dirt molecules, a large amount of binding energy will be released, and the released energy is used to promote new activation reactions of surface dirt molecules. Power, which is conducive to the more thorough removal of contaminants under the activation of plasma. Using the features of the plasma cleaner can improve the following areas: ①plasma plasma cleaner changes wettability (also known as wettability). The wettability of the surface of some organic compounds has a great influence on the adhesion of pigments, inks, binders, etc., as well as the electrical properties such as flashover voltage and surface leakage current on the surface of the material. The measure of wettability is called the contact angle. ②plasma plasma cleaner enhances adhesion. The bond strength of the material to the adhesive can be enhanced by treating some polymers and metals with plasma-activated gases. The reason may be that the crosslinking of the polymer surface strengthens the adhesion of the boundary layer; or the introduction of dipoles during the plasma treatment improves the adhesion strength of the polymer surface; it may also be that the plasma treatment eliminates the polymer The dirt layer on the surface improves the adhesion conditions. Corona treatment also has the same effect. ③Plasma plasma cleaner strengthens the adhesion of polymer to polymer. For example, glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins have 233% enhanced adhesion to vulcanizates after plasma treatment with helium. After the polyester tire cord is plasma treated (eg NH3), the adhesion strength to the rubber is greatly improve

Plasma treatment technology is an emerging technology that developed rapidly in the 20th century, and has become a key technology in some important industries (such as microelectronics, semiconductors, materials, aerospace, metallurgy, etc.) , surface modification and other aspects of the application has created great economic benefits. The advantages of plasma treatment are many, the most important is that the treatment effect is limited to the surface without affecting the bulk properties. The surface of the catheter is cleaned, disinfected and sterilized by the plasma method. For the silicon treatment on the surface of the catheter, an organic solvent needs to be used, which will cause pollution to the environment. The material used in the oxygen plasma method is oxygen or air, which does not pollute the environment. It is an environmentally friendly new surface treatment. method. There was no significant difference in the infrared absorption of these major groups before and after sample treatment. The energy of the active particles in the plasma is generally several to a dozen eV, while the chemical bond energy in the rubber material molecules is mostly 3-6 eV. The energy of the particles in the plasma is greater than or equal to the bonding energy of the rubber material molecules, so the bonding bonds can be broken to form new bonds, but because its energy is much lower than that of the radiation, the plasma treatment only occurs on the surface of the substrate, while the Does not damage the substrate. Etching-deposition is a pair of opposite and simultaneous chemical reactions that the plasma acts on the surface of the material to be treated. The oxygen plasma treats the film wrapped on the surface of the catheter, and its chemical structure is similar to that of the rubber material. This is practically beneficial as it avoids harmful side effects due to surface treatments. The contact angle of the catheter surface was 84° without treatment, 67° after treatment with oxygen plasma, and decreased by 17° after treatment, indicating that the hydrophilicity of the catheter was better improved. After the surface of the urinary catheter is treated by oxygen plasma, etching occurs, the surface is clean, and a small amount of hydrophilic groups are generated, thereby improving its hydrophilic performance and reducing the contact angle. After the oxygen plasma treatment, the burrs on the surface of the catheter are passivated, the coarse particles become smaller, and the surface becomes smooth. This is consistent with the measurement results of the surface contact angle. Causes of catheter etching include physical sputtering as well as chemical etching. The very low content of charged active species in the plasma plays an extremely important role in the surface treatment of materials. Since the moving speed of electrons is much greater than that of ions, the surface potential of the material placed in the plasma is negative relative to the plasma potential (called the drift potential. The high-speed electrons excite, ionize or break the reactive molecules into free radical fragments, The positive ions continuously bombard the surface of the material to be treated, which significantly affects the chemical reaction that occurs on the surface. Chemical etching is due to the fact that the energy of the active particles in the plasma is close to or slightly greater than the bond energy of the chemical bonds of the molecules of the material being processed. The closeness of this energy level makes the chemical bonds of the catheter material molecules exposed to the plasma easily broken, or the formation of small molecules from the matrix, or the formation of new chemical bonds, resulting in cross-linking, or the formation of free radicals. The effect of chemical etching is not obvious; from the results of SEM analysis, the effect of physical sputtering is obvious; the measurement results of contact angle suggest that physical sputtering and chemical etching work at the same time. Therefore, it can be inferred that the role of physical sputtering in the initial stage of oxygen plasma treatment on the catheter surface is dominant. Oxygen plasma treatment of the surface of the catheter leads to its surface etching, which makes the surface smooth and hydrophilic. The chemical structure of the surface film formed by the oxygen plasma treatment does not change much, so as to avoid the side effects of the urinary catheter in practical application.